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Bayesian analysis

Fit Bayesian regression models using one of the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. You can choose from a variety of supported models or even program your own. Extensive tools are available to check convergence, including multiple chains. Compute posterior mean estimates and credible intervals for model parameters and functions of model parameters. You can perform both interval- and model-based hypothesis testing. Compare models using Bayes factors. Compute model fit using posterior predictive p-values. Generate predictions. And much more.

Learn about Bayesian analysis and see examples of Bayesian features, including Bayesian econometrics and Bayesian model averaging (BMA).

See what's new in Bayesian analysis.

Also see an Overview example.

Estimation

  • Thousands of built-in models, by combining
    • over 60 likelihood models, including univariate and multivariate normal, logit, probit, ordered logit, ordered probit, Poisson ...
    • Many prior distributions, including normal, lognormal, multivariate normal, gamma, beta, Wishart ...
    • Continuous, binary, ordinal, count, and survival outcomes
    • Univariate, multivariate, and multiple-equation models
    • Linear and nonlinear models
    • Continuous univariate, multivariate, and discrete priors
  • bayes: prefix
    • Simply type bayes: in front of any of 58 estimation commands to fit Bayesian regression models
    • Change any of the default priors
    • Change any of the simulation or sampling settings
    • Time-series operators
    • Control Panel lets you specify and fit models from an easy-to-use interface
  • Multiple chains
  • Use GUI to fit models
  • Use command language to fit models
  • Time-series operators

Classes of models

Likelihood models

Prior distributions

Add your own models

  • Write your own programs to calculate likelihood function and choose built-in priors
  • Write your own programs to calculate posterior density directly
  • Use built-in adaptive MH sampling to simulate marginal posterior

Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods

  • Adaptive Metropolis-Hastings (MH)
  • Hybrid MH (adaptive MH with Gibbs updates)
  • Full Gibbs sampling for some models

Simulation

Adaptive MH sampling

  • Blocking of parameters
  • Adaptation within each block
  • Diminishing adaptation
  • Random-effects parameters
  • Control scale and covariance of the proposal distribution
  • Control adaptation
    • Length of adaptation
    • Maximum and minimum numbers of adaptive iterations
    • Acceptance rate
    • Adaptation rate
    • Target acceptance rate
    • Acceptance rate tolerance

Starting values

  • Automatic
  • May specify for some or all parameters
  • May specify for some or all chains

Postestimation Selector

  • View and run all postestimation features for your command
  • Automatically updated as estimation commands are run

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Tools to check MCMC convergence

Tools to check MCMC efficiency

  • Effective sample sizes
  • Autocorrelation times
  • Efficiencies
  • Compute any of the above for parameters or functions of parameters

Posterior summaries

MCSE estimation methods

  • using effective sample size
  • using batch means

Hypothesis testing

Predictions

  • Generate predictions: simulate outcome values and their functions
  • Save all or a subset of predictions in a separate dataset
  • Save posterior summaries of predictions as variables in current dataset
  • Save a subset of MCMC replicates as variables in current dataset
  • Obtain graphical and posterior summaries, perform hypothesis tests, and more
  • Use built-in tools to create functions of predictions or write your own Mata functions and Stata programs
  • Generate replicated data for posterior predictive checks

Model comparison

Model goodness of fit

  • Posterior predictive p-values
  • MCMC replicates
  • Predictions

Specialized postestimation

Save your MCMC and estimation results for future use

Factor variables

  • Automatically create indicators based on categorical variables
  • Form interactions among discrete and continuous variables
  • Include polynomial terms
Watch Introduction to Factor Variables in Stata tutorials

Additional resources

See New in Stata 18 to learn about what was added in Stata 18.