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st: xtregar coefficients changes sign from random effects to fixed effects
From
Lopa Chakraborti <[email protected]>
To
"[email protected]" <[email protected]>
Subject
st: xtregar coefficients changes sign from random effects to fixed effects
Date
Fri, 25 Feb 2011 16:05:08 -0500
Hi,
I am estimating two models: one with random effects GLS with AR(1) [model 1] and subsequently, with fixed effects AR(1) [model 2]. My coefficient of interest "lag12wq" changes sign from positive in the RE model to negative in the FE specification.
I also tried running the models excluding all time invariant variables and the RE and FE results on "lag12wq" are still opposite in sign (as seen in models 3 and 4). Any ideas on possible ways to address this would be extremely helpful. I also tried estimating the model with xtpcse (model 5) and xtgls (model 6) with plant level dummy variables, so that the specification would be equivalent to panel data fixed effects estimation technique, and the coefficient on "lag12wq" is positive in both xtpcse and xtgls models.
thanks
Lopa
-----------------------------------------------------
model 1:
. xtregar lrelperf lag12wq winter1 spring1 fall1 lagcumanninspall avgflowfoia04avg elec food mill paper chem petro rubber leather metal transp secu just rnwhite mhhi carpl manuf popt popu MD PA
RE GLS regression with AR(1) disturbances Number of obs = 8163
Group variable (i): npid Number of groups = 80
R-sq: within = 0.0343 Obs per group: min = 3
between = 0.3034 avg = 102.0
overall = 0.1557 max = 154
Wald chi2(27) = 167.37
corr(u_i, Xb) = 0 (assumed) Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
------------------- theta --------------------
min 5% median 95% max
0.3190 0.6585 0.7643 0.7688 0.7688
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
lrelperf | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
lag12wq | .0141472 .0035122 4.03 0.000 .0072635 .0210308
winter1 | .149197 .0201986 7.39 0.000 .1096085 .1887856
spring1 | .0886719 .0158742 5.59 0.000 .057559 .1197848
fall1 | .0268245 .0164371 1.63 0.103 -.0053916 .0590406
lagcuma~pall | .0016151 .0051839 0.31 0.755 -.0085451 .0117754
avgflowfoi~g | -.0000913 .0003014 -0.30 0.762 -.000682 .0004994
elec | -.2095709 .3305005 -0.63 0.526 -.8573401 .4381982
food | -.2353497 .5764013 -0.41 0.683 -1.365075 .8943762
mill | -.1530125 .3794667 -0.40 0.687 -.8967536 .5907285
paper | .6106899 .3388402 1.80 0.071 -.0534248 1.274805
chem | -.6603529 .2967584 -2.23 0.026 -1.241989 -.0787171
petro | -.8237519 .4182874 -1.97 0.049 -1.64358 -.0039238
rubber | .5988557 .5270429 1.14 0.256 -.4341294 1.631841
leather | .2757821 .3947056 0.70 0.485 -.4978267 1.049391
metal | -.5314561 .5749752 -0.92 0.355 -1.658387 .5954745
transp | -.7606925 .5895897 -1.29 0.197 -1.916267 .3948822
secu | -.1748021 .3694766 -0.47 0.636 -.8989629 .5493587
just | -.6909059 .528037 -1.31 0.191 -1.725839 .3440276
rnwhite | -.0023016 .0043443 -0.53 0.596 -.0108163 .006213
mhhi | -.014925 .0080387 -1.86 0.063 -.0306807 .0008306
carpl | -.0001081 .0143632 -0.01 0.994 -.0282595 .0280434
manuf | -.0004748 .0063831 -0.07 0.941 -.0129854 .0120358
popt | .0032765 .0053295 0.61 0.539 -.0071692 .0137222
popu | .0004706 .0019899 0.24 0.813 -.0034296 .0043707
MD | -.1055311 .1734139 -0.61 0.543 -.4454162 .2343539
PA | -.0072147 .2400375 -0.03 0.976 -.4776796 .4632502
_cons | -1.157334 .3855263 -3.00 0.003 -1.912952 -.4017165
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
rho_ar | .70477176 (estimated autocorrelation coefficient)
sigma_u | .47767143
sigma_e | .42483705
rho_fov | .55834175 (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
model 2:
. xtregar lrelperf lag12wq winter1 spring1 fall1 lagcumanninspall avgflowfoia04avg elec food mill paper chem petro rubber leather metal transp secu just rnwhite mhhi carpl manuf popt popu MD PA ,fe
note: avgflowfoia04avg dropped due to collinearity
note: elec dropped due to collinearity
note: food dropped due to collinearity
note: mill dropped due to collinearity
note: paper dropped due to collinearity
note: chem dropped due to collinearity
note: petro dropped due to collinearity
note: rubber dropped due to collinearity
note: leather dropped due to collinearity
note: metal dropped due to collinearity
note: transp dropped due to collinearity
note: secu dropped due to collinearity
note: just dropped due to collinearity
note: rnwhite dropped due to collinearity
note: mhhi dropped due to collinearity
note: carpl dropped due to collinearity
note: manuf dropped due to collinearity
note: popt dropped due to collinearity
note: popu dropped due to collinearity
note: MD dropped due to collinearity
note: PA dropped due to collinearity
FE (within) regression with AR(1) disturbances Number of obs = 8083
Group variable (i): npid Number of groups = 80
R-sq: within = 0.0097 Obs per group: min = 2
between = 0.0836 avg = 101.0
overall = 0.0001 max = 153
F(5,7998) = 15.69
corr(u_i, Xb) = -0.1528 Prob > F = 0.0000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
lrelperf | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
lag12wq | -.0084278 .0034388 -2.45 0.014 -.0151687 -.001687
winter1 | .1581392 .0207608 7.62 0.000 .1174427 .1988357
spring1 | .0762701 .0162704 4.69 0.000 .0443757 .1081644
fall1 | .0318118 .0168552 1.89 0.059 -.0012288 .0648525
lagcuma~pall | -.0163209 .0054208 -3.01 0.003 -.0269471 -.0056948
_cons | -1.533464 .011778 -130.20 0.000 -1.556552 -1.510376
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
rho_ar | .70477176
sigma_u | .62725999
sigma_e | .43568704
rho_fov | .67455811 (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0: F(79,7998) = 13.07 Prob > F = 0.0000
model 3:
. xtregar lrelperf lag12wq winter1 spring1 fall1 lagcumanninspall
RE GLS regression with AR(1) disturbances Number of obs = 8180
Group variable (i): npid Number of groups = 81
R-sq: within = 0.0343 Obs per group: min = 3
between = 0.0784 avg = 101.0
overall = 0.0314 max = 154
Wald chi2(6) = 135.53
corr(u_i, Xb) = 0 (assumed) Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
------------------- theta --------------------
min 5% median 95% max
0.3771 0.7020 0.7967 0.8006 0.8006
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
lrelperf | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
lag12wq | .014308 .0035052 4.08 0.000 .007438 .021178
winter1 | .1485651 .0201543 7.37 0.000 .1090633 .1880668
spring1 | .0880406 .0158354 5.56 0.000 .0570038 .1190774
fall1 | .0276031 .0164028 1.68 0.092 -.0045459 .059752
lagcuma~pall | .0024718 .0051515 0.48 0.631 -.0076249 .0125685
_cons | -1.705453 .0733925 -23.24 0.000 -1.849299 -1.561606
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
rho_ar | .70465009 (estimated autocorrelation coefficient)
sigma_u | .55817473
sigma_e | .42515716
rho_fov | .63284149 (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
model 4:
. xtregar lrelperf lag12wq winter1 spring1 fall1 lagcumanninspall ,fe
FE (within) regression with AR(1) disturbances Number of obs = 8099
Group variable (i): npid Number of groups = 81
R-sq: within = 0.0097 Obs per group: min = 2
between = 0.0804 avg = 100.0
overall = 0.0001 max = 153
F(5,8013) = 15.63
corr(u_i, Xb) = -0.1507 Prob > F = 0.0000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
lrelperf | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
lag12wq | -.008277 .0034351 -2.41 0.016 -.0150107 -.0015432
winter1 | .1578992 .0207393 7.61 0.000 .1172449 .1985536
spring1 | .0756421 .0162466 4.66 0.000 .0437946 .1074896
fall1 | .0325179 .0168376 1.93 0.053 -.0004882 .0655241
lagcuma~pall | -.0163736 .0054185 -3.02 0.003 -.0269952 -.005752
_cons | -1.532985 .0117672 -130.28 0.000 -1.556052 -1.509919
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
rho_ar | .70465009
sigma_u | .62923613
sigma_e | .43561489
rho_fov | .67601017 (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test that all u_i=0: F(80,8013) = 13.06 Prob > F = 0.0000
model 5:
. xtpcse lrelperf lag12wq winter1 spring1 fall1 lagcumanninspall avgflowfoia04avg elec food mill paper chem petro rubber leather metal transp secu just rnwhite mhhi carpl manuf popt popu MD PA plantdum*,hetonly corr(ar1)
Number of gaps in sample: 863
(note: computations for rho restarted at each gap)
(note: estimates of rho outside [-1,1] bounded to be in the range [-1,1])
Prais-Winsten regression, heteroskedastic panels corrected standard errors
Group variable: npid Number of obs = 8163
Time variable: month Number of groups = 80
Panels: heteroskedastic (unbalanced) Obs per group: min = 3
Autocorrelation: common AR(1) avg = 102.0375
max = 154
Estimated covariances = 80 R-squared = 0.3949
Estimated autocorrelations = 1 Wald chi2(84) = 5962.92
Estimated coefficients = 85 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Het-corrected
| Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
lag12wq | .0134474 .003583 3.75 0.000 .0064248 .0204701
winter1 | .1669976 .0211298 7.90 0.000 .1255839 .2084112
spring1 | .1008285 .0164217 6.14 0.000 .0686425 .1330144
fall1 | .0347714 .0171432 2.03 0.043 .0011713 .0683715
lagcumanni~l | .0012971 .0042551 0.30 0.760 -.0070427 .0096369
avgflowfoi~g | -.0003989 .0001245 -3.20 0.001 -.0006428 -.0001549
elec | .6681681 .2447255 2.73 0.006 .188515 1.147821
food | (dropped)
mill | 1.453107 .2411846 6.02 0.000 .9803943 1.92582
paper | 1.497366 .2782159 5.38 0.000 .9520732 2.04266
chem | -1.3421 .2147154 -6.25 0.000 -1.762934 -.9212654
petro | -.5611251 .1868011 -3.00 0.003 -.9272486 -.1950017
rubber | (dropped)
leather | 1.249428 .1991099 6.28 0.000 .8591797 1.639676
metal | (dropped)
transp | (dropped)
secu | 1.304594 .2284981 5.71 0.000 .8567464 1.752442
just | 1.25115 .2246428 5.57 0.000 .8108586 1.691442
rnwhite | -.0006209 .0021306 -0.29 0.771 -.0047969 .003555
mhhi | .0131542 .0040855 3.22 0.001 .0051469 .0211616
carpl | -.0271956 .0087757 -3.10 0.002 -.0443956 -.0099955
manuf | -.0171055 .0050153 -3.41 0.001 -.0269353 -.0072757
popt | -.0086306 .0044136 -1.96 0.051 -.017281 .0000199
popu | .0046696 .0009763 4.78 0.000 .0027561 .0065831
MD | -1.405418 .173211 -8.11 0.000 -1.744905 -1.065931
PA | -.0325762 .1780428 -0.18 0.855 -.3815338 .3163813
plantdum1 | (dropped)
plantdum2 | (dropped)
plantdum3 | (dropped)
plantdum4 | 1.009083 .2062251 4.89 0.000 .6048888 1.413277
plantdum5 | 1.007713 .1626233 6.20 0.000 .6889775 1.326449
plantdum6 | 1.632687 .2480083 6.58 0.000 1.1466 2.118774
plantdum7 | (dropped)
plantdum8 | 2.46891 .2152443 11.47 0.000 2.047039 2.890781
plantdum9 | 1.495201 .2360294 6.33 0.000 1.032592 1.957811
plantdum10 | .7744759 .221468 3.50 0.000 .3404065 1.208545
plantdum11 | 2.256052 .2200483 10.25 0.000 1.824766 2.687339
plantdum12 | -.1333615 .1505045 -0.89 0.376 -.4283449 .1616218
plantdum13 | (dropped)
plantdum14 | 1.091241 .2704721 4.03 0.000 .5611256 1.621357
plantdum15 | 1.815395 .2138639 8.49 0.000 1.396229 2.23456
plantdum16 | 2.237856 .1857288 12.05 0.000 1.873834 2.601877
plantdum17 | .2873254 .1807535 1.59 0.112 -.0669449 .6415957
plantdum18 | 1.986368 .2603916 7.63 0.000 1.47601 2.496726
plantdum19 | .4462251 .1659323 2.69 0.007 .1210037 .7714464
plantdum20 | 2.030048 .2316667 8.76 0.000 1.57599 2.484107
plantdum21 | 1.8998 .1793525 10.59 0.000 1.548275 2.251324
plantdum22 | .9419551 .2313572 4.07 0.000 .4885033 1.395407
plantdum23 | (dropped)
plantdum24 | (dropped)
plantdum25 | -.2066739 .2032261 -1.02 0.309 -.6049896 .1916419
plantdum26 | 1.419868 .2247428 6.32 0.000 .9793799 1.860356
plantdum27 | (dropped)
plantdum28 | (dropped)
plantdum29 | (dropped)
plantdum30 | (dropped)
plantdum31 | 1.728486 .1075923 16.07 0.000 1.517609 1.939363
plantdum32 | (dropped)
plantdum33 | (dropped)
plantdum34 | (dropped)
plantdum35 | -.5571721 .2243638 -2.48 0.013 -.9969171 -.1174271
plantdum36 | (dropped)
plantdum37 | (dropped)
plantdum38 | (dropped)
plantdum39 | (dropped)
plantdum40 | (dropped)
plantdum41 | (dropped)
plantdum42 | (dropped)
plantdum43 | 1.10406 .1387089 7.96 0.000 .8321955 1.375924
plantdum44 | .5942929 .1860721 3.19 0.001 .2295983 .9589875
plantdum45 | .5678354 .2315731 2.45 0.014 .1139604 1.02171
plantdum46 | .3704836 .2204484 1.68 0.093 -.0615873 .8025546
plantdum47 | .5660245 .2668357 2.12 0.034 .0430361 1.089013
plantdum48 | (dropped)
plantdum49 | 1.39091 .1914441 7.27 0.000 1.015687 1.766134
plantdum50 | (dropped)
plantdum51 | (dropped)
plantdum52 | (dropped)
plantdum53 | (dropped)
plantdum54 | (dropped)
plantdum55 | (dropped)
plantdum56 | (dropped)
plantdum57 | .2266481 .2168931 1.04 0.296 -.1984545 .6517508
plantdum58 | .6364706 .1741251 3.66 0.000 .2951917 .9777495
plantdum59 | -.5024625 .2072787 -2.42 0.015 -.9087214 -.0962036
plantdum60 | (dropped)
plantdum61 | (dropped)
plantdum62 | -1.206743 .189846 -6.36 0.000 -1.578834 -.8346515
plantdum63 | (dropped)
plantdum64 | (dropped)
plantdum65 | .231714 .1426188 1.62 0.104 -.0478138 .5112418
plantdum66 | 1.81752 .222601 8.16 0.000 1.38123 2.25381
plantdum67 | 1.008346 .1724313 5.85 0.000 .6703867 1.346305
plantdum68 | .288573 .2559256 1.13 0.260 -.213032 .790178
plantdum69 | (dropped)
plantdum70 | 1.771655 .1542389 11.49 0.000 1.469353 2.073958
plantdum71 | (dropped)
plantdum72 | 1.525464 .1182537 12.90 0.000 1.293691 1.757237
plantdum73 | 1.402835 .1719983 8.16 0.000 1.065725 1.739946
plantdum74 | 1.54461 .109487 14.11 0.000 1.33002 1.759201
plantdum75 | -.8715778 .2017337 -4.32 0.000 -1.266968 -.4761871
plantdum76 | .9058232 .1399289 6.47 0.000 .6315676 1.180079
plantdum77 | .3503663 .18195 1.93 0.054 -.006249 .7069817
plantdum78 | .6130572 .1375284 4.46 0.000 .3435065 .8826078
plantdum79 | (dropped)
plantdum80 | (dropped)
plantdum81 | 1.471197 .1219541 12.06 0.000 1.232171 1.710223
plantdum82 | .2497718 .15598 1.60 0.109 -.0559433 .555487
plantdum83 | .5653796 .259789 2.18 0.030 .0562026 1.074557
plantdum84 | -.0153253 .1485055 -0.10 0.918 -.3063907 .2757401
plantdum85 | 1.595793 .1912069 8.35 0.000 1.221034 1.970551
plantdum86 | .6776431 .1926063 3.52 0.000 .3001416 1.055145
plantdum87 | .1427184 .1619141 0.88 0.378 -.1746275 .4600642
plantdum88 | -.3633799 .122882 -2.96 0.003 -.6042242 -.1225357
plantdum89 | 1.291798 .2587024 4.99 0.000 .7847501 1.798845
plantdum90 | 1.018558 .1427049 7.14 0.000 .738862 1.298255
plantdum91 | .2886043 .217623 1.33 0.185 -.1379288 .7151375
plantdum92 | 1.037848 .1741697 5.96 0.000 .6964822 1.379215
plantdum93 | .5967572 .1251768 4.77 0.000 .3514152 .8420992
plantdum94 | .5958707 .2442355 2.44 0.015 .117178 1.074563
plantdum95 | 1.674297 .1852127 9.04 0.000 1.311286 2.037307
plantdum96 | .3991236 .2340883 1.71 0.088 -.059681 .8579282
plantdum97 | -.8368235 .138318 -6.05 0.000 -1.107922 -.5657252
plantdum98 | -.3260959 .1649704 -1.98 0.048 -.6494318 -.0027599
plantdum99 | (dropped)
plantdum100 | .4740158 .1780818 2.66 0.008 .1249819 .8230496
_cons | -1.599313 .1977145 -8.09 0.000 -1.986826 -1.2118
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
rho | .6038861
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
model 6:
. xtgls lrelperf lag12wq winter1 spring1 fall1 lagcumanninspall avgflowfoia04avg elec food mill paper chem petro rubber leather metal transp secu just rnwhite mhhi carpl manuf popt popu MD PA plantdum*,panels(heteroskedastic) corr(ar1) force
note: metal dropped due to collinearity
note: plantdum2 dropped due to collinearity
note: plantdum4 dropped due to collinearity
note: plantdum7 dropped due to collinearity
note: plantdum12 dropped due to collinearity
note: plantdum15 dropped due to collinearity
note: plantdum23 dropped due to collinearity
note: plantdum24 dropped due to collinearity
note: plantdum27 dropped due to collinearity
note: plantdum28 dropped due to collinearity
note: plantdum33 dropped due to collinearity
note: plantdum34 dropped due to collinearity
note: plantdum36 dropped due to collinearity
note: plantdum39 dropped due to collinearity
note: plantdum41 dropped due to collinearity
note: plantdum45 dropped due to collinearity
note: plantdum52 dropped due to collinearity
note: plantdum55 dropped due to collinearity
note: plantdum56 dropped due to collinearity
note: plantdum58 dropped due to collinearity
note: plantdum60 dropped due to collinearity
note: plantdum61 dropped due to collinearity
note: plantdum63 dropped due to collinearity
note: plantdum64 dropped due to collinearity
note: plantdum69 dropped due to collinearity
note: plantdum71 dropped due to collinearity
note: plantdum79 dropped due to collinearity
note: plantdum99 dropped due to collinearity
note: plantdum100 dropped due to collinearity
Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression
Coefficients: generalized least squares
Panels: heteroskedastic
Correlation: common AR(1) coefficient for all panels (0.5737)
Estimated covariances = 80 Number of obs = 8163
Estimated autocorrelations = 1 Number of groups = 80
Estimated coefficients = 98 Obs per group: min = 3
avg = 102.0375
max = 154
Wald chi2(84) = 4763.57
Log likelihood = -4134.856 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
lrelperf | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
lag12wq | .0164231 .0029618 5.54 0.000 .010618 .0222282
winter1 | .1542364 .0172601 8.94 0.000 .1204072 .1880656
spring1 | .087038 .0131711 6.61 0.000 .0612232 .1128527
fall1 | .0348722 .0139406 2.50 0.012 .0075492 .0621952
lagcuma~pall | .0026145 .0036413 0.72 0.473 -.0045223 .0097514
avgflowfoi~g | -.0003306 .0001186 -2.79 0.005 -.0005631 -.0000981
elec | .1918242 .2857926 0.67 0.502 -.368319 .7519674
food | -.6246996 .2195314 -2.85 0.004 -1.054973 -.194426
mill | .0595123 .1973221 0.30 0.763 -.3272318 .4462565
paper | 1.68358 .1573055 10.70 0.000 1.375267 1.991893
chem | -2.551892 .3352243 -7.61 0.000 -3.20892 -1.894865
petro | -2.569892 .3006177 -8.55 0.000 -3.159092 -1.980692
rubber | .4386065 .2042041 2.15 0.032 .0383738 .8388392
leather | .1026688 .187899 0.55 0.585 -.2656064 .470944
transp | -1.875322 .2981434 -6.29 0.000 -2.459673 -1.290972
secu | -.4765381 .1364668 -3.49 0.000 -.7440083 -.209068
just | -.7629631 .1167812 -6.53 0.000 -.99185 -.5340762
rnwhite | .0078994 .003364 2.35 0.019 .001306 .0144927
mhhi | .0152045 .0059121 2.57 0.010 .003617 .026792
carpl | -.0453953 .0107003 -4.24 0.000 -.0663675 -.0244231
manuf | -.011716 .0045508 -2.57 0.010 -.0206354 -.0027967
popt | .0157823 .0041328 3.82 0.000 .0076821 .0238825
popu | -.0019144 .0016912 -1.13 0.258 -.0052291 .0014003
MD | -.0472041 .1386719 -0.34 0.734 -.3189961 .2245878
PA | 1.06404 .1625332 6.55 0.000 .7454812 1.3826
plantdum1 | (dropped)
plantdum3 | -1.114957 .2260537 -4.93 0.000 -1.558014 -.6719
plantdum5 | -.1520598 .1810658 -0.84 0.401 -.5069423 .2028226
plantdum6 | .2282093 .2839113 0.80 0.422 -.3282467 .7846653
plantdum8 | .5911291 .2571891 2.30 0.022 .0870477 1.095211
plantdum9 | -.2509141 .3037379 -0.83 0.409 -.8462295 .3444013
plantdum10 | -.646034 .244283 -2.64 0.008 -1.12482 -.1672481
plantdum11 | .3835525 .1943971 1.97 0.048 .0025411 .7645638
plantdum13 | .1692659 .1674129 1.01 0.312 -.1588575 .4973892
plantdum14 | -.2233539 .2780481 -0.80 0.422 -.7683182 .3216104
plantdum16 | .529988 .1254784 4.22 0.000 .2840549 .7759211
plantdum17 | -1.063285 .2377738 -4.47 0.000 -1.529313 -.5972568
plantdum18 | .0193775 .2447829 0.08 0.937 -.4603881 .4991431
plantdum19 | -1.097648 .1909046 -5.75 0.000 -1.471814 -.723482
plantdum20 | -.019782 .1310067 -0.15 0.880 -.2765504 .2369863
plantdum21 | .1760348 .1172011 1.50 0.133 -.0536751 .4057447
plantdum22 | -.80826 .2911891 -2.78 0.006 -1.37898 -.23754
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------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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