st: R: Stset-ing Multiple Failure/Multiple Spell Data : Moving in and out of risk set

["Carlo Lazzaro" <carlo.lazzaro@tin.it>]

Dear Kathleen,
Laura and Steve gave sound advices, especially as far as the need for
revising the way time should be reported is concerned. 
As an aside, I suppose that one of the problem you're facing concerns the
time when subjects exit the survival analysis (SA). This is due to the
multiple failures they can come across (ie, switching from self-employed to
non-self-employed working status).



The following example (performed in Stata 9.2/SE) considers this issue:
--------------- exampe begins ------------------------------------
set obs 6
g id = 1 in 1/2
replace id=2 in 3/4
replace id=3 in 5/6
g In=0
replace In=6 in 2
replace In=3 in 4
replace In=4 in 6
g Out=1
replace Out=7 in 2
replace Out=8 in 4
replace Out=5 in 6
g No_Self_Employed=1
replace No_Self_Employed=0 in 4
stset Out, id(id) failure(No_Self_Employed==1)time0(In)
exit(No_Self_Employed==2) origin(time In)
stdes  
--------------- exampe ends ------------------------------------

In the previous code subjects do not live the SA at the first failure (ie
No_Self_Employed==1)- since it would conflate with the assumption of
multiple failures - but when the event No_Self_Employed==2 comes alive (and
this event will never occurr).

As I can see from your thread and previous replies, your subjects do show
gaps. You can check whether gaps are consistent with your methodological
expectations using - stdes -.

For more on this topic, I would refer you to:
MA Cleves, WW Gould, RG Gutierrez. An intoduction to survival analysis using
Stata. Revised edition. College Station: Stata Press, 2004: 59-62.The same
textbook (147-156)also offers interesting insights on Cox model with shared
frailty, that may fit your data;
the already referenced http://www.stata.com/support/faqs/stat/stmfail.html.

HTH and Kind Regards,
Carlo
-----Messaggio originale-----
Da: owner-statalist@hsphsun2.harvard.edu
[mailto:owner-statalist@hsphsun2.harvard.edu] Per conto di Kathleen Bui
Inviato: domenica 13 marzo 2011 16.31
A: statalist@hsphsun2.harvard.edu
Oggetto: st: Stset-ing Multiple Failure/Multiple Spell Data : Moving in and
out of risk set

My question is how to stset a multiple failure data set when an individual
can 
move in and out of the risk set. 
 
I have read Cleves?s An Introduction to Survival Analysis Using Stata,
Cleve?s  
STB-49, and all previous posts concerning st-setting multiple failures.
Others 
have asked similar questions as mine, but I have yet to find a solution that

works.  
 
I am analyzing the duration of an individual?s stay in Self-Employment.
Failure 
will be exit from self-employment.  My question is how can I stset the data
so 
that Stata recognizes that an individual can move into and out of the risk
set 
(which is being Self-Employed).
 
To be more explicit, for each individual in my data set, I have information
as 
to whether or not they are Self-Employed.  The issue arises when an
individual 
has a self employment history as follows:
 
The individual is self-employed and therefore at risk of failure.  Then they

fail (leave self employment) and enter waged employment. By entering waged 
employment, they are no longer at risk of failing, since they are no longer 
Self-Employed. However, after a period of time, they once again become Self 
Employed (thus re-enter the risk set) and fail once again (their second 
failure).
 
As a result, multiple failures are possible as individuals are moving in and
out 
of different employment states. However, although I understand that Stata
can 
recognize multiple failures, I am unsure of how stset can be used to
recognize 
the multiple spells of Self-Employment, particularly the period of time
between 
spells when the individual is no longer at risk.
 
Specifically, I am unable to set the analysis time back to 0 for when the 
individual begins a second period at risk after being not at risk.
 
For example, one individual in my data set of multiple individuals can look 
like:

   +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
       | ID   Year0   Year   SelfEmploy     Failure         |
      
|--------------------------------------------------------------------|
1.    |  1    1989    1990        0                  0            |
2.    |  1    1990    1991        1                  0            |
3.    |  1    1991    1992        1                  0            |
4.     |  1    1992    1993        1                  0            |
5.     |  1    1993    1994        1                  0            |
6.     |  1    1994    1995        0                  1            |
7.     |  1    1995    1996        0                  0            |
8.     |  1    1996    1997        1                  0            |
9.     |  1    1997    1998        1                  0            |
10.   |  1    1998    1999        1                  0            |
11.   |  1    1999    2000        0                  1            |
       +-------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
where ?SelfEmploy? is the indicator variable denoting whether or not the 
individual is self employed, ?Failed? is an indicator variable denoting if
the 

individual has left self employment and year0 and year are the corresponding

beginning and end of time period.
 
So between, 1990 and 1994, the individual is at risk of failing, and fails 
between 1994 and 1995. But between 1995 and 1996, they are no longer at risk
of 

failing (say they are employed in the waged sector). But then they enter
self 
employment in 1996 and thus experience another failure between in 1999-2000.
 
Is there a command in stset that allows Stata to ?ignore? the periods when
they 
are no longer at risk?
 
For example, when I stset my data as follows: stset year,
origin(SelfEmploy==1) 
failure(Failed)  time0(Year0)  id(PersonID) exit(time .), the period when
they 
are no longer at risk of failing is treated as if they are in
self-employment as 
the output I receive is:
 
   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------- +

    | ID   Year0   Year   SelfEmploy   Failure   _s   _d       _t0    _t  
|    
    |-----------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------|

1. |  1    1989    1990       0               0         0         0       
.    
.     |
2. |  1    1990    1991       1              0         0        0       .   

.     |                          
3. |  1    1991    1992       1              0         1        0        0  

 1    |
4. |  1    1992    1993       1              0         1        0        1  
  2    |
5. |  1    1993    1994       1              0         1        0        2  

 3    |
6. |  1    1994    1995       0               1         1        1       
3   
 4    |
7. |  1    1995    1996       0               0         1         0       
4   
 5    |
8. |  1    1996    1997       1              0         1         0       
5   
 6    |
9. |  1    1997    1998       1               0         1         0       
6   
 7    |
10.|  1    1998    1999       1              0         1        0        7  

 8    |
11.|  1    1999    2000       0              1         1         1       
8   
 9    |
   
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------+

 
Stata seems to count the period form 1995-1996,as a time where the
individual is 
at risk of failing, when he is not. 



Therefore,  am unsure as to how to st-set the data so that from 1995-1996,
Stata 
recognizes that the individual is no longer at risk of failing and that my 

analysis time can be ?Reset? to 0 for when the individual begins a second
period 
at risk after being not at risk.
 
Any suggestions?
 
Any help would be appreciated! 
 
Thanks!!
 
Kathleen Bui


      

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