In all the panel studies I have seen, it would not make sense. The times included are not random samples from a larger population of possible times. They are consecutive times of observation, and the time span covered was chosen for substantive reasons. In the social sciences, many of the effects of interest depend on institutional contexts and settings that are historically specific. Consequently one would not be interested in generalizing findings to other time periods. For these reasons, it seems more sensible to treat the waves of a panel study as fixed effects rather than random. - David Greenberg, Sociology Department, New York University
> I'm curious: under what circumstances would time be considered a
> random effect?
>
> Joseph Coveney
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